Irrigation Services Typical irrigation control systems consist of automatic valves connected to a multi-station clock controller. Watering is based on preset schedules regardless of weather or soil conditions. These systems are generally not effective at delivering water to the turf roots in an efficient manner while eliminating runoff because they are open looped. They require human intervention (programming) to turn the system on and off as the needs arise. Because the major focus of landscape managers should be spent on turf maintenance and upkeep, most of the time landscape managers are not available to adjust the watering schedule based on plant needs or changes in weather patterns. One solution is to install a “smart controller” that is essentially a automatic controller that is connected to soil moisture sensors or to a weather station – this way a closed-loop systems can be created that allows for feedback to the irrigation system so that it can turn on and off automatically. Smart controllers based on evapotranspiration (ET) rate receive daily local weather updates that it uses to determine each zones ET rate – a combination of the soil’s and the plants evaporation rates based on changing weather data (temperature, wind, humidity, solar radiation) or historical ET rates. It uses this information to determine how much water the grass / plants in that zone will need. In cool weather an ET based controller might not apply water for several days. In hot weather, the controller will water as long and as often as the turf needs. While ET controllers are more accurate than typical control systems, these systems require additional knowledge to operate and understand. Several types of analysis need to be done in order to create an effective strategy to lower irrigation water usage and discover potential new sources of irrigation water to supplement the potable water supply. Designing water efficient irrigation systems starts by doing a comprehensive irrigation system audit to identify key factors that influence performance efficiency. Some of these factors include distribution uniformity, precipitation rate, controller settings, pressure and how these interact with existing property soil characteristics. Delivering the correct amount of water to the turf, trees, shrubs and flowers at the right interval and in the right way requires expertise in evapotranspiration (ET) and soil dynamics. Choosing the right technology for your landscape application is the key. The best manual irrigation, ET controller, or soil moisture sensor will not be effective without correctly integrating irrigation system components with the natural landscape. The best way to achieve maximum water savings is through proper analysis and implementation. Landscape irrigation system audits should be done periodically to evaluate the system performance. A typical irrigation audit consists of a series of field procedures for collecting and compiling irrigation system data: then using the data to evaluate system performance characteristics, such as distribution uniformity and precipitation rates of the components. Listed below is an outline of the type of information that we would collect during a comprehensive irrigation audit so that various irrigation measures and improvements can be identified along with the anticipated costs and associated savings. Our irrigation audits often include rain water harvesting opportunities. | 
water collected in catch cans laid out in the area being irrigated. A formula known as Low Quarter Distribution Uniformity (DULQ) is most commonly used. The DULQ is the average of the lowest 1/4 of the catch can volumes divided by the overall average of all catch can volumes. The process is detailed in the Certified Landscape Irrigation Auditor manuals available from the Irrigation Association. A similar process is followed to compute the DULQ of the soil moisture data. The data is ranked from lowest to highest soil moisture content. The average of the lowest quarter of readings is divided by the overall average. The result is presented as a percent. The value of this calculation, compared to the catch can DULQ, is that it is a measure of water in the soil profile as opposed 
to water applied to the turf surface. Factors such as compaction, thatch, slope, and moisture re-distribution can cause the variability pattern to be very different between the application (catch can) and soil moisture measurements. 
rk has rotors that are quite evenly spaced across each valve. During the audit process, rotor pressure was taken and the pressures were 30 psi to 38 psi. That pressure is too low for the Rainbird Falcon 6504, Rainbird 4151, Rainbird R-50 and older Rainbird T-Bird Rotors. The main issue was the miss matched heads. 
